Which term describes the process where a sampling method yields a non-representative sample due to bias?

Which term describes the process where a sampling method yields a non-representative sample due to bias?

• A. Sampling bias
• B. Confounding variable
• C. Representative sample
• D. Random sampling

Answer: (A)

Sampling bias occurs when the way you sample systematically over- or under-represents parts of the population, so the sample doesn’t reflect the population you want to understand. This happens with methods like convenience sampling, voluntary response, or when certain groups are less likely to respond, leading to results that aren’t generalizable. A confounding variable is a separate factor that can distort the relationship between variables, not the sampling method itself. A representative sample is the opposite of biased—it's what you aim for to accurately reflect the population. Random sampling helps reduce bias by giving each member an equal chance of selection. Because the key idea here is that the sampling method itself creates a non-representative sample due to bias, the term is sampling bias.

Sampling bias occurs when the way you sample systematically over- or under-represents parts of the population, so the sample doesn’t reflect the population you want to understand. This happens with methods like convenience sampling, voluntary response, or when certain groups are less likely to respond, leading to results that aren’t generalizable. A confounding variable is a separate factor that can distort the relationship between variables, not the sampling method itself. A representative sample is the opposite of biased—it's what you aim for to accurately reflect the population. Random sampling helps reduce bias by giving each member an equal chance of selection. Because the key idea here is that the sampling method itself creates a non-representative sample due to bias, the term is sampling bias.